10 Years of Domestic Violence Act: The Way Ahead
- Gender Justice
- by Rajini R. Menon
- 01 Nov, 2016
A case of India and Malawi
Violence against women and girls (VAWG) has been defined as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life” (UN, 1993)i . Despite decades of global and national level activism, and legal reforms, violence against women and girls continue to persist in various forms and across social settings in all parts of the world. Latest global figures indicate that about 1 in 3 (i.e. 35%) of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime .ii
India and Malawi: A decade of implementation of Domestic Violence Act
A cross-country analysis of domestic violence in India and Malawi depict many similarities despite differences in contexts including the size of population. Why Malawi? Historically, both India and Malawi, have been treading the same path to fight gender-based violence.Both the countries are signatories to Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)iii that recognized gender-based violence as a form of discrimination and recommended that states to take measures to prevent and respond to VAWG. Both countries are also committed internationally through the Beijing Platform (1995), which outlines actions to respond to and prevent gender-based violence. Subsequently, the national policies (National Gender Policy of Malawi and National Policy for Women in India) considers violence against women as problem area and speaks on addressing the issue under one of the objectives of their national policies.
Because data from both countries show that 40 per cent of ever-married women in the age group of 15-49 years have faced some form of domestic violence – India’s NFHS-3 data (2005-06) ivand Malawi’s Demographic Health Survey (2010)v . Because this south-east African country Malawi, like India, completes 10 years of the implementation of its domestic violence act. India enacted the Prevention of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) in 2005, while Malawi enacted the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act (PDVA) in 2006. The difference is that while the Indian Act is only for women, the Malawi Act addresses both men and women.
In India, the public discourse on domestic violence emerged in 70’s and 80’s with an increase in incidence of dowry deaths. A sustained campaign led to the enactment of the section 498A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), in 1983, which made ’cruelty by husband or his relatives’ a cognizable and non-bailable offence. The PWDV Act came into force in 2006 following decades of struggle by women’s rights movement across the country. The Act was to make justice available to women who may not always want criminal proceedings and would want to keep the option of reconciliation alive.
Malawi enacted its Prevention of Domestic Violence Act in 2006 in order to meet its international and national commitments as well as the Millennium Development Goals. The PDV Act is a civil law seeking to prevent domestic violence, providing protection, civil reliefs, monetary reliefs and legal remedies through new set of actors and mechanisms.
The multi-country study (2015) conducted by Oxfam Knowledge Hub (on VAWG) details that in both countries women’s economic dependence on men, poverty, cultural beliefs, illiteracy or ignorance contributed as additional factors to the perpetration of violence against women in domestic spaces. Poverty lead to early marriages, which often gives rise to sexual violence; the social norm is that it is alright to beat or abuse a woman and it is interpreted as a sign of love by the community. The reference groups in the community, the family members especially the mothers’-in-law and other elders, neighbours, relatives, local leaders, and peer groups influenced in reinforcing the negative social norms that justified violence against women in domestic spaces. Though women can take recourse to the national legislation, severe challenges impeded justice to the aggrieved women.
For instance, when India and Malawi enacted this legislation, they provided for Protection Officers and Enforcement Officers, respectively. This would be the first point person for the aggrieved woman. However, these point persons have neither been appointed in adequate numbers with independent charges, nor with the skills and capacities required for the role. The training of functionaries is pertinent to hold them accountable to their responsibilities; this has not been done. Further, service providers and medical facilities have no coordination with the Protection/Enforcement Officers. The insensitivity of the judiciary has emerged as the major lacunae in implementation in both the countries. Most Victim Support Units (VSUs) stationed in police stations in Malawi do not offer conducive environments for handling complaints with confidentiality, and struggle to provide basic provisions of temporary shelter. Similarly, the service providers in India are unable to provide appropriate referrals including to the shelter homes. The shelter homes neither have basic amenities nor a safe environment for the victim and her children.
One-Stop Centers which exist in the hospitals of both countries are not operationalized in all regions or districts; in the case of Malawi, services of Enforcement Officers, police, counsellors, medical facilities, etc. was not available in one place. Thus, inadequate and dedicated budgetary allocations, and systemic lags are encountered in implementation of the Act in India and Malawi.
At a recent learning event hosted by Oxfam, the country participants shared that despite these implementation challenges, the advocacy efforts of the Women’s Rights Organizations have resulted in some positive changes on the ground. In Malawi, there were some successes in terms of raising public awareness, training of implementing actors, new construction of VSUs and One-Stop Centres, some provision of legal aid, better coordination among actors and preparing instructional pamphlets about the PDV Act in local languages. In India, through the advocacy efforts of PWDVA Action and Advocacy Group at the national level the budgetary allocations for the implementation of PWDVA was increased from 20 crores to 67.5 crores in 2013. However, these allocations were not utilized by the national government due to a variety of reasons including change in government and the shift in the mandate of implementation on the state government. Advocacy at the state level resulted in good models of implementation especially in some states like Maharashtra, and Kerala. Kerala has appointed adequate independent permanent Protection officers and Maharashtra has developed a reporting format at the state level with state budgetary allocations. These states have increased the public awareness on the legislation at the local level of government.
Though we have these few examples of positive deviances, there is much more that the legislative victory should have been achieved. Since the legislative victories of India and Malawi on the Domestic Violence Acts have a history of engagement of women’s rights movement, the momentum of women’s rights movements has to be used to link up with allies from other social movements to plug the implementation gaps. There is a need to engage with men and boys, norm setters, media and policy makers rights movements has to be used to link up with allies from other social movements to plug the implementation gaps. There is a need to engage with men and boys, norm setters, media and policy makers for a collective behavioral change that will help to end gender based violence.
Written by: Rajini R. Menon Regional Gender Coordinator, Oxfam India
Photo credit: By Simon Williams / Ekta Parishad (Ekta Parishad) via Wikimedia Commons
___________________________________________________________________
iUnited Nations General Assembly, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, 20th December 1993, Article 1
ii http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/
iii They have adopted the General Recommendation No. 19 in 1992 on violence against women (VAW)
ivhttp://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-3%20Data/NFHS-3%20NKF/Report.pdf
v https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR247/FR247.pdf; One in ten ever married women has experienced both physical and sexual violence, and 7 percent have experienced all three forms of violence by their husband or partner.
Gender Justice
We campaign to change patriarchal mindsets that influence violence against women
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Sep 10, 2019 | Anisha
BRIDGING THE GAP
Oct 24, 2019 | Anisha
DISABLING THE DISABILITY
Oct 30, 2019 | Anisha
Children are paying the price of Tax Robbery. Help Stop This. Give A Missed Call on 70977 70977
Oct 1, 2019 | ursila
India’s children are paying the price of Tax Robbery
Oct 24, 2019 | ursila
Reel & Real: Blurred Lines between Cinema and Reality- Notes from Women In Films brunch at Jio MAMI Film Festival
Oct 30, 2019 | ursila
Oxfam Gave Relief to Over 82,000 Lives
Oct 30, 2019 | Anisha
Picture Abhi Baqi Hai, Behena
Oct 1, 2019 | ursila
Assam Drowns Again
Sep 27, 2019 | Anisha
A Long Road Home
Oct 7, 2019 | Anisha
Oxfam India’s letter to President of India requesting affirmative action on passing Women’s Reservation Bill in Parliament.
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Women Representation in Political Decision Making: A Catalyst to achieving Gender Equality
Oct 24, 2019 | ursila
Will Fear of ‘Failing’ Make India Literate?
Sep 27, 2019 | ursila
WATER IS LIFE
Nov 18, 2019 | Anisha
Building bridges: The journey of a teacher par excellence
Oct 7, 2019 | ursila
Examining humanitarian aid through the gender lens
Oct 24, 2019 | ursila
The pathways to gender equality are far from straight
Oct 7, 2019 | ursila
The changing world of humanitarian work
Sep 10, 2019 | ursila
Can India be a Leader in Disaster Risk Reduction Measures in Asia?
Oct 7, 2019 | ursila
A struggle for survival: Assam Floods
Nov 11, 2019 | Anisha
Lessons to be learnt from the Gorakhpur tragedy
Oct 24, 2019 | ursila
Is Section 498A anti women?
Nov 11, 2019 | ursila
The Irresistible & Oppressive Gaze: A Survey Report by Oxfam India
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
North East Floods: How you can help those affected?
Oct 1, 2019 | Ravi
Oxfam is responding in Assam Floods 2017
Oct 1, 2019 | Ravi
Lipstick Under My Burkha Official Trailer - Winner of Oxfam's Best Film on Gender Equality Award
Sep 27, 2019 | Ravi
Sourcing Life
Oct 7, 2019 | Anisha
MEETING TOILET TARGETS
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Disaster Changed Her Life
Oct 24, 2019 | Anisha
#HaqBantaHai Campaign on Access to Free Medicine: Bihar
Sep 10, 2019 | Anisha
Be The New Norm
Oct 7, 2019 | Ravi
Oxfam India’s Recommendations for National Policy for Women
Sep 27, 2019 | Ravi
The Greatest Earning: EDUCATION
Dec 5, 2019 | Anisha
Women Farmers or Labourers?
Oct 24, 2019 | Avantika
Farewell Dirty Water
Jan 9, 2020 | Avantika
Clean Water Can Save Lives
Oct 24, 2019 | Avantika
Making men an ally on women's rights
Oct 24, 2019 | Avantika
'Initially the men opposed. They thought we women were being disruptive.'
Oct 1, 2019 | Avantika
Tax havens resist reforms one year on from Panama Papers exposé
Oct 1, 2019 | Avantika
इख़्तियार
Oct 24, 2019 | Avantika
Lessons from the Grassroots
Sep 10, 2019 | Avantika
This is What Child Marriage Looks Like
Nov 18, 2019 | Avantika
Oxfam India Held Youth Festivals In Lucknow And Raipur
Sep 9, 2019 | Avantika
Oxfam at the North-East Disaster Risk Reduction Conclave 2017
Sep 9, 2019 | Avantika
Finding Solutions to Early and Forced Marriage
Sep 27, 2019 | Avantika
Silence Has No Honour
Sep 27, 2019 | Avantika
Solidarity Is Our Weapon- The International Women’s Strike
Oct 24, 2019 | Avantika
4 reasons why Oxfam supports the International Women’s Strike on the 8th March
Oct 24, 2019 | Avantika
Union Budget 2017-18: Neglected Social Sector
Sep 10, 2019 | Avantika
Putting Data at the Heart of Business Responsibility
May 13, 2019 | Avantika
Mainstreaming DRR in Local Development Plans to Reduce Aid Dependency
Oct 1, 2019 | Avantika
Union Budget 2017-18: A Look at the Health Sector
Apr 5, 2019 | Avantika
खेल - जेण्डर आधारित असमानताओं को उजागर करने को एक सषक्त माध्यम
Apr 5, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Why Brazil should not take a U-turn on its health system
Oct 7, 2019 | Avantika
Your questions answered: Oxfam’s Inequality report
Oct 1, 2019 | Avantika
Unpacking the Risks of Doing Business in India
Nov 14, 2019 | Avantika
We Never Learn
Sep 27, 2019 | Ravi
Promote men’s involvement for changing social norms
Oct 24, 2019 | Avantika
Ten years of the Forest Rights Act: Opportunity lost?
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Meet the Bravehearts Standing Up Against Domestic Violence
May 27, 2020 | oxfamadmin
Addressing Violence Against Women and Girls the SAARC Way: Combat Human Trafficking
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Oxfam India’s journey from programme to campaign
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
सामाजिक मान्यताओं को चुनौती देता संगठन
Dec 5, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Changing The World – One Couple At A Time
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
A Lesson on Education from Uttar Pradesh
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Fair Sharing of Mining Revenue for the Tribals
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
An Open Letter to Chhotu, Munna and Bachcha
Jun 12, 2020 | oxfamadmin
Educating the Educators
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Oxfam Best Film on Gender Equality Award Gets Grand Reception
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Wrestling Social Norms Out
Oct 3, 2019 | oxfamadmin
The Toilet Conundrum
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Inequality in India: what's the real story?
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Making surface water safe for drinking
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Quality Education- The unfinished agenda of RTE Act
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Tale of Two Women
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Prioritising the Health of our Children
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Violence in women’s own backyard
Sep 9, 2019 | oxfamadmin
We failed yet again
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Providing access to iron-free drinking water
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Her Series - Tale of Buguru Chitamma: How a cooperative transformed fisher women into leaders
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Why the CAF bill conflicts with the Forest Rights Act?
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Renew to Live Anew
Sep 9, 2019 | oxfamadmin
What do we want: Health as a ‘Right’ or just an ‘Assurance’
Nov 18, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Oxfam International signs historic deal to move to Nairobi, Kenya
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Why is passing the Women’s Reservation Bill urgent?
Sep 19, 2023 | oxfamadmin
BREXIT & What It Means for Humanitarian Aid
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Rahul Bose: Films should be gender sensitive
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Portrait of a Teacher: Successful introduction of multi-lingual education for Odisha’s tribal communities
Nov 6, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Tax dodging is a crime against developing countries
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Signs of social risks impacting Indian businesses
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Tikamgarh revisited, what’s happened to the amazing fishing communities I visited in 2006?
Jan 9, 2020 | oxfamadmin
Where school means freedom
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Yes, Prime Minister
Oct 30, 2019 | oxfamadmin
India’s National Budget 2016-17: Missed Opportunity to Address Inequality?
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Free The Night
Sep 9, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Woman, Open Your Eyes…
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
From Darbhanga to Davos: Access to Affordable Medicine Still Remains a Key Question
Dec 16, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Hoping for a Second Chance: Punita Devi
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Activating Youth in Lucknow to Promote Girls’ Education
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Change is Coming: Rani Bitti’s Story
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Rachna’s Fight for Justice
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
3 Key Observations from #WEF2016 that Indian Businesses Must Take Note Of
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Here’s Why States Need to Provide Free Basic Medicines
Nov 18, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Update: Oxfam to Provide Shelter to 300 Households Hit by The Manipur Earthquake
Apr 5, 2019 | oxfamadmin
In El Salvador, a struggle to survive El Niño
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Bihar designs a 15-year roadmap to reduce risk of disaster
Feb 20, 2020 | ursila
Violence as an Effective Mode of “Indian” Communication
Apr 5, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Because it’s 2015!
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Let’s welcome a new dawn, minus domestic violence
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Data and Discrimination: Women’s Ownership of Assets in India
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
“No Woman, No Cry!”
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Pushing, pulling and the power of people: new horizons for corporate responsibility?
Jan 9, 2020 | oxfamadmin
Yes bank - say to inclusive and social banking and inclusive business model
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Creating shared value through inclusive business
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
TATA consultancy services – empowering farmers with mobile technology
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
What the CSR numbers don’t tell
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
6 important things companies need to do to be inclusive
Nov 21, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Why businesses need to invest in creating a productive population for a sustainable future
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Jaipur rugs – weaving the lives of the poor into the global markets. an inclusive business model.
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
The next 15 years: highlighting the role of the private sector in development
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Emphasizing a human rights-based approach to inclusiveness in business
Oct 30, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Privatising Forests: A Bad Idea
Oct 30, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Adoption of Agenda 2030: 17 SDGs for 15 years
Nov 15, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Five questions about the #GlobalGoals you were too embarrassed to ask
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Last mile smile
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Social responsibility of companies should not stop at 2%
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
In ‘campaign mode’, states flout FRA rules
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
“I will not leave my forest. I will keep my jungle”
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Healthcare for all in India: When, How, and Why RSBY?
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Where is the nutrition? Ask pregnant women in a village of Bihar
Jan 9, 2020 | oxfamadmin
Learning to read at schools, but where are the textbooks?
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Progressive tax norms must underlie financing of the Sustainable Development Goals
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Teachers needed! Government schools are falling behind due to lack of funds
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Protect and expand India’s public healthcare system: The inequality imperative
Dec 16, 2019 | oxfamadmin
“On My Second Day At School, A Kid Asked Me What Caste I Was”
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
India’s missing girls: A tale of healthcare neglect faced by girls
Sep 9, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Should we only give attention to women’s health on International day of action?
Nov 18, 2019 | oxfamadmin
No respite for 72-year-old Sitaram, a month after #NepalEarthquake
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
One month on, education of children still jolted by Nepal earthquake
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
New worry for Nepal; landslides, floods may block relief work
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Monsoon preview in Kathmandu blows away shelters in relief camp
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Last mile distribution of relief supplies is biggest challenge in Nepal: Indian ambassador
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
When Delhi’s Streets Buzzed with ‘Haq Banta Hai’
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Lack of water, toilets making things worse for women in Nepal
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Oxfam India gets government approval to respond to #NepalEarthquake in 28 hours
Apr 5, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Desperation creeping in, people in Nepal wait for aid
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
#OxfaminNepal: “More than 60,000 litres of water has been provided till now”
Oct 7, 2019 | Avantika
Political (and some other) priorities in Nepal as of 28 April 2015
Oct 30, 2019 | oxfamadmin
#Nepal Earthquake: “The death toll has crossed 2000 and this is just the beginning”
Jan 9, 2020 | oxfamadmin
#NepalEarthquake: It is going to be a long road to recovery
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Money Matters!
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
All for Education, Education for All
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
When schools continue to exclude, can education reduce caste discrimination in India?
Feb 20, 2020 | oxfamadmin
Ensuring the right to education, forming bonds for life
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
How can India send a spaceship to Mars but not educate its children?
Sep 30, 2019 | oxfamadmin
India wins in cricket, but losing out on education
Sep 30, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Oxfam's 'Even it up' report a must read lesson on Inequality
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
It’s time to understand ‘womanhood is beyond maternity’
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
The True Measure of Land's Value
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
The “Ten-thousand Committee”: Reviving VHSNCs in Jharkhand
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Singing their way out of child marriage
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Land Acquisition bill tests government’s pro-poor stance
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Breaking the silence, standing tall
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Making a Song and Dance about Child Marriage
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Let’s Talk About Sex
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Mobile technology solutions could be a game changer for maternal health: Scribes
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Missing Girls: The Puzzling Domestic Violence Agenda
Oct 3, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Her Ghar: A right to residence for every woman
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Considering Gender: A Mediaperson’s Guide to Covering Disasters
Dec 16, 2019 | oxfamadmin
True Grit
Apr 5, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Violence against women and star power: Does their magic wand work?
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Having Those Difficult Conversations
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Day of the Man: guarding the china shop
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Gender parity needs to begin at home with mother’s guardianship rights!
Sep 9, 2019 | oxfamadmin
It’s a Girl!
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Let’s Help End Domestic Violence!
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
A Few Good Men
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Promises to keep—Implementation of PWDV Act in Odisha
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Make 16 Days of Activism an Everyday Practice
Oct 30, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Witch-Hunting: A less talked about form of Violence Against Women
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Markets Also Discriminate
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Let’s Talk About Domestic Violence!
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Getting Serious about Ending Violence against Women and Girls
Oct 3, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Right to a Violence Free Life
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
It’s all about the money
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
‘It’s No Longer Funny': The Funding Wars That’ll Dictate Our Future
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Girl, Interrupted
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
16 Pictures From Imagining Inequality That WiIl Tell You The Truth #evenitup
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
These 8 Goals Were Set To Develop The World, But 14 Years Since, This Is Where We Stand
Dec 5, 2019 |
A Look At The Year 2029: What Kind Of Legacy Will We Leave Behind For Our Future Generations?
Nov 18, 2019 |
These 8 Goals Were Set To Develop The World, But 14 Years Since, This Is Where We Stand
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
BRICS bank a necessary step, but needs more transparency
Sep 9, 2019 |
Short term memory and Long term needs!
Oct 7, 2019 |
A people’s budget has to go beyond...
Oct 24, 2019 |
National Shame, National Failure
Sep 27, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Oxfam India pledges its support to #BringBackOurGirls
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Closing the Gap on Gender: Is India up for the challenge?
Nov 15, 2019 | oxfamadmin
She tills, she sows, but she does not own
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Take a pause: what do the Uttrakhand floods tell us about India’s development model?
Sep 10, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Saving lives on sharp turning roads
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
They do mind the gap
Oct 7, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Right to Education, still a long way to go.
Oct 1, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Can We Close the Gap on Women's Inequality in India?
Oct 30, 2019 | oxfamadmin
Breaking Old Barriers and Building New Alliances for Food Justice in India and Globally
Oct 24, 2019 | oxfamadmin
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